European Exploration Dbq free essay sample

He result if European investigation in the early present day timespan somewhere in the range of 1450 and 1750 adversely affected the outside countries that it interacted with by showing different bombed work frameworks, nations confining remote collaboration just as exchange and the ascent of the Portuguese in the Atlantic Slave Trade. One impact of the development of Europeans was different ineffective work frameworks in the Americas, Antonio Vazquez De Espanola, a Spanish preacher, communicated his feeling about the degenerate Mitt framework that directed the work power at the Pots mines in Peru, 1622.This turns out to be gravely, with incredible misfortunes and holes in the amount of Indians, the towns being eliminated; and this offers ascend to extraordinary coercions and maltreatment with respect to the examiners toward the poor Indians. Espanola depicts the misfortunes from the chosen Indian agents that made holes in the Spanish desire for tributary work and silver creation ens ured by the Indians. We will compose a custom article test on European Exploration Dbq or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The colossal dissemination of European culture and innovation in the end lead outside nations to dismiss Westernizes and confine showdowns among themselves and the West. Albeit numerous nations kept on receiving the Spanish silver cash and took an interest in the Atlantic Slave exchange, they excused the progressive ways of thinking and specifically picked the Europeans headways in technology.Outgas limiest, a Japanese shogun, gave and Closed County Edict to two officials of Nagasaki in 1635, it read, No Japanese is allowed to travel to another country, If there are any Southern Barbarians who engender the lessons of padres, or in any case perpetrate wrongdoings, they might be imprisoned in jail, limiest further composes a rundown if rules laying out how the Japanese arrangement with outsiders and methods or the individuals who stand up to them, all subsequent in negative enforcement.The absence of viable work in the Americas propelled the Portuguese to rescue reasonable laborers in Africa just as enrolling the Native Americans, therefore prompting the Atlantic Slave Trade. In a Benign saltcellar in the sixteenth century, an obscure African craftsman shaped a win that depicted Portuguese men whom used both a blade and a caught African. The physical attributes of the African was unique in contrast with the Portuguese, just as the separated garments that each was wearing.Abducting Africans to sell in the Atlantic Slave exchange was a typical practice in this time, a Banana King kept in touch with a French individual from an English slave exchanging campaign, haggling to bring down his cost of his slaves so as to keep expanding benefit, However to direct issues and energize exchange with us, he would be content with thirteen bars for guys and nine bars and two metal rings for females, and so forth. Taking everything into account, the general effect of the European investigation brought about negative outcomes, with the extension of culture and the progressions n innovation, came clashing goals and disconnected civilizations.However, the broadening of the universes economy (of which was an immediate aftereffect of the gigantic amount of silver items and slave work) incited recently created Western provinces in the Americas to emerge progressive practices. In this manner bringing the world into the new time of transformation. On the off chance that a report that contained an essential record of the disconnection that happened in Japan was procured, it would additionally show the suspicion of the negative effect that came about because of the European investigation.

About artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About craftsman - Essay Example Additionally, he has gained aces from Pratt Institute of Brooklyn and from New York School of Visual Arts in New York City. He has additionally directed many drawing displays, music and video exhibitions, press inclusion and got respects and enjoys educating calling. The real creative work of Michael Alan is painting, drawing and chiseling. As per (Alan) â€Å"Art is a blend of amicable contrary energies, close perception, purge, a methods for correspondence and an extreme juxtaposition of dimensional elements†. The drawings of Michael Alan portray transformative energies of entertainers and spaces extensively. He used in his work of art, materials which are different in nature including prints, throws, found articles and paints. The models worked by Michael have the nature of magnificence and viability which can pull any workmanship sweetheart easily. Michael Alan is a craftsman who offers significance to the enchanted intensity of room and components of nature. He depicts himself as an outsider and one who holds association with the out of the world encounters. He accepts that his imaginative works are distinctive component of the vitality of room and individuals encompassing him. As indicated by him â€Å"The vitality inside spaces and individuals resemble immense main thrust which gives shapes and sizes to my compositions, drawings and sculptures†. Michaels aesthetic point of view is that world is a space station where various energies with various sizes slam into one another to frame innovative powers. The specialists consistently have significant effect on the way of life and estimations of a general public or network. Michael Alan accepts that he is an individual who lives on trust. According to (Maliszewski ,2012) â€Å"I am trust, I am not Michael. I don’t care about whatever else. You are trust â€Å". He spreads this constructive message to his family, companions and network that on the off chance that an individual is cheerful, at that point his life will be exuberant and dynamic. When all is said in done in the event that we consider the

Tips For Writing a College Application Essay About Yourself

Tips For Writing a College Application Essay About YourselfIf you are applying for college and you want to find out how to write a college application essay about yourself, you will be greatly benefited by a few tips. You can be confident that your essay will be thoroughly read and approved when you use these tips. Here are some tips you should take advantage of in order to gain success in your college application essay writing.First, you need to set the stage. What is your goal? In other words, what do you hope to achieve with your essay? This will help you decide how to organize your essay and will provide you with some guidelines in developing your personal essay.Second, you need to document all of your personal experiences. Do not forget to include your grades and academic performance. You also need to include a little bit about your personality and your interests. This will give the reader a clear idea of what you are trying to accomplish with your essay.Third, you need to choos e a topic for your personal essay. You can choose a variety of different topics for your essay depending on your personal preferences. However, you need to be sure that your topic is appropriate for your college essay topic and the personality of the person reviewing your essay.Lastly, you need to take some time to write it down. When you are trying to write an essay on your own, you will benefit from being able to type your thoughts into a word processor. However, if you are required to write this essay in the heat of the moment, you will benefit from having something to refer back to later in the process.In order to make sure that you have the right thoughts and feelings for your college application essay, it is important to gather them before you begin the process. You should always remember that you should never put yourself in a situation where you are tempted to be emotional. It will only take one slip up in this area and you will be disqualified from your college essay.The be st way to learn how to write a college application essay about yourself is to take some time and do some planning. When you choose the topic, you will be certain that your essays are well organized and will keep your writing interesting. You can also benefit from completing a questionnaire or a personal statement, as you write your essay so that you know how to effectively express yourself through your essays.Finally, in order to successfully write a college application essay about yourself, you need to be very careful. Remember that you are required to be unique, not like everyone else. You may be tempted to make yourself sound like every other applicant, but if you write well, your essay will stand out and you will be allowed to continue with your college application.

How Different Stages Contribute Towards A Successful Outcome

How different stages contribute towards a successful outcome The procedures and techniques used in any criminal investigation help the investigators to do their investigation properly. By correctly following the investigative stage, the investigators can improve the quality of their case and investigation and the police will get a better chance to solve any criminal case. In any criminal investigation, five stages are involved. The police and investigators have the duty to follow all this stages, in order to get the best results. Initial response to a reported crime This stage one of criminal investigation is considered to be one of the most important stages of criminal investigation. An unprofessional mistake made by a first responding officer can extensively destroy the whole investigation. By following the correct procedures and rule the first responding officer can eliminate the chance of making mistakes during the initial investigation. The lack of knowledge can also disrupt a criminal investigation. The first responding officer is likely to conduct a successful investigation if he knows how to deal with the problems at the crime scene therefore, the first responding officer need to have good knowledge about the investigative procedures. While entering the crime scene, the first responding officer should look out for any evidence which is present on the ground. There have some cases in which the first responding officer stepped on the evidence such as blood orShow MoreRelatedCritically Discuss the Factors Which Contribute to Building Cohesive Groups/Teams.1209 Words   |  5 PagesCritically discuss the factors which contribute to building cohesive groups/teams. The purpose of the essay is to discuss what factors can contribute to building cohesive groups. There are many factors which can be useful in developing perfectionism within a group. These factors are as follow: membership and work environment factors, organisational factors and group development and maturity. Meredith Belbin’s nine team roles also determine the degree to which cohesiveness is maintained. In orderRead MoreThe Importance Of Teamwork And Its Advantages Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pagesof people coming together to form a team, to work together to achieve the goals that have been set out. In order for a team to reach their objectives and be successful as a team they must find out what each team members role is in the team. They must set up team rules on how they will work together, how they will distribute information and how they will resolve any team conflict if any arises. Team members should not discuss personal interests as it is irrelevant to the contribution s of team goalsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Programs Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesinquiry learning models of Murdoch, 5Es and SAUCE will be analysed for their effectiveness in integrating the curriculum. The integration of teaching and learning programs within the context of inquiry learning, are a key components in reaching ACARAS outcomes of general capabilities, cross curricular priorities, student diversity and Framework for school aged care.. In inquiry learning the teacher acts as a facilitator of learning by guiding students to pose and respond to real life questions which integrateRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Portfolio1041 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis I make is how these papers show my growth, improvement, and now capable writing abilities to meet the outcomes of English 131. In the very creation of this portfolio, in addition to the revised essays, I accomplish multiple global objectives for this class. These objectives include writing a complex claim, writing with intertextuality, showing awareness of my audience, and revealing the effect of successful, critical revision and editing techniques. As I aimed to meet these outcomes throughout theRead MoreCalvins Problem as an African American1209 Words   |  5 Pagesabout him and his experiences. However, based upon other teacher’s and experiences with Calvin, this seems to be the only class that he is not performing well in. This tells me that there is a dee per problem occurring between the teacher and Calvin. Successful African American students, like Calvin, do not receive much attention in school systems and research. 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However the equity theory emphasises on the factor of equalityRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood Stages1603 Words   |  7 Pageswho have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. Therefore, this raises the question about the roles of nature and nurture in growth and development at childhood stage. Nature involves the biological genes or the geneticRead MoreLEARNERS AND LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 4 Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesconfronted with the challenge of learning and using English effectively. Some students seem to cope with the difficulties of language learning with great success and neither little effort, while for others the task is neither an enjoyable nor a succ essful one. What is it that makes learning a new language so easy for some and so difficult for others? One reason is that â€Å"each student has his/her own preferred way of learning that is determined by his/her cultural and educational background and personality†Read MoreHow Should Reverse Auction Fit Into An Overall Procurement Strategy?1739 Words   |  7 PagesHow Should Reverse Auction fit into an Overall Procurement Strategy? It is quite challenging to discuss about procurement management without stating the importance of its strategies. There are four main basic procurement strategies that serve different functions within a procurement management. To begin with, a â€Å"Partnership† strategy focuses mainly on constructing mutual commitment in long term relationship with suppliers. While a â€Å"Secure Supply† strategy aims to secure short and long term supplyRead MoreImproving The Strategic Goals Of An Organization1621 Words   |  7 PagesProjects are ultimately designed and implemented to make progress towards achieving the strategic goals of an organization. It is important to recognize the fact that many efforts are needed in planning a project, and putting the plan into action may require equal or even more efforts in order to achieve the desired goals. Even the best plans often need corrections and adjustments particularly in the implementation phase, therefore project leaders or ma nagers need to anticipate possible challenges

Chief Complaint Chest Pain Essay - 715 Words

[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Adult Medicine Winter 2016 Chief complaint: Chest pain History of Present Illness- The patient is a 64-year-old female with a 15-pack year smoking history presents to clinic complaining of chest pain for the past two weeks. The chest pain is accompanied by fatigue and weakness. She denies any recent illness, fever, or weight change. She denies any hypertension and shortness of breath?.She was nauseous with hot flashes and sweating 4 days ago with no vomiting. She has a hyperlipidemia history, and her last lipid test was a year ago. She has an episode of chest pain 4 times for 3 minutes since 2 weeks ago. She described her pain like somebody sitting on her chest. Her pain is in the middle of her chest and radiated to her left jaw. Chest pain is relieved by rest and exacerbated by physical activity. She tried Ibuprofen for her pain with no relief. On a scale of 10, she rates the pain as an 8. She denied any major medical history and any hospitalization. She is not using any medication, and she is not allergic to any medication or envir onmental allergens. She has been married to her husband for 33 years. The Patient is concerned because symptoms have impeded her activities of daily living, including going to work, and she is concerned that it may be a heart attack. She missed her job 2 days last week. Past Medical History Hyperlipidemia Family History Father died at age 58 from heart attack, Mother is 93 with hypertension. NoShow MoreRelatedJoint Commission International, Centers For Medicare And Medicaid Services ( Cms ) Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch was spent each month. For each month, a budget is created for the following year. Staff members at the unit level impact the budget with supply usage. †¢ Identify who within the organization contributes to budget development. Managers and Chief Executive Officer (K.E., personal communication, 2016). 3. CURRENT TRENDS: Following APA guidelines and Citing professional literature, †¢ Discuss three or more national and local developments OR current trends in health care discuss how thoseRead MoreCase Case Study : Database Development1730 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment. Screen 1. Emergency Department Chief Compliant Data Entry Screen. 1. What is the purpose for the screen? The chief complaint screen will allow clinicians to enter patient’s reasons for visiting the emergency department. The chief complaint data entry screen will be used to obtain and record information from patients such as symptoms, duration of symptoms, and what major problem they are experiencing as a result of symptoms. The chief complaint data entry screen does not deals with obtainingRead MoreEmergency Department Chief Compliant Data Entry Screen1537 Words   |  7 PagesScreen 1. Emergency Department Chief Compliant Data Entry Screen. 1. What is the purpose for the screen? The chief compliant screen will allow clinicians to enter patient’s reasons for visiting the emergency department. The chief complaint data entry screen will be to obtain information from patient such as symptoms, duration of symptoms, and what major problem they are experiencing as a result of symptoms. The chief compliant data entry screen does not deals with obtaining information about chronicRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Symptoms984 Words   |  4 PagesChief Complaint: Patient presents with complaint of moist cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, fever, and chills. History of Present Illness Onset: When did the symptoms start? Did they start gradually or abruptly? Location: If the patient is experiencing pain, where does he feel the pain? Does he feel sinus pressure? Does he have body aches? Does he have chest pain? Duration: For how long have you been experiencing these symptoms? How many days? Weeks? A cough that has a recent onset is most oftenRead MoreSteps For Implementing The New Practice936 Words   |  4 Pagesevidence-based practice, which includes obtaining a 12-lead electrocardiogram within ten minutes of arrival, as some patients present with symptoms other than chest pain, or atypical symptoms. For instance, atypical presentations include shortness of breath, altered mental status, upper extremity pain, upper back pain, generalized weakness, and abdominal pain (Glickman et al., 2012). Ultimately, this results in delays of reperfusion therapy. Identifying a New Best Practice Many ideas for change in practiceRead MoreEvaluation Of The Standardized Patient Experience900 Words   |  4 Pagesand experience during health history section, but the problem was I did not deal with any real patient during nursing practical about two years ago. After I introduced myself to the patients, I started to ask and write patient name, age, and chief complaint. Then, I started to ask patients about subjective data which included a history of present illness, past medical history, family history, and personal and social history. I did an appropriate job with subjective data. I did not ask patients aboutRead MoreSoap Note Format : Patient Information815 Words   |  4 PagesWhite, Medical Mutual of Ohio S. Patient states â€Å"pain in right leg†. Patient presents with right leg pain and heard a pop. Slipped today while shoveling snow about an hour ago. Rates pain at 6 out of 10 HPI: include all the information regarding the CC using the OLDCART format. If the CC was â€Å"Unintentional weight loss†, the OLDCART for the HPI might look like the following example: Onset: 2 hours ago Location: Right leg Duration: Steady consistent pain Characteristics: Associated with altered gaitRead MoreMy Paper On Pleural Effusions1674 Words   |  7 Pagescommon causes in this case would be congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and hypoalbuminemia because of nephrotic syndrome. Prevalence Pleural effusions are one of the most common problems being seen in emergency departments. The initial chief complaint being chest pain and shortness of breath. According to Davidson (2016), there are one million incidents in the United States alone a year. Globally, however there are 320 incidents per 100,000 people. This is proof that patients suffering from PleuralRead MoreSuspected Ischemic Cardiac Chest Pain In Emergency Department1680 Words   |  7 Pages Suspected Ischemic Cardiac Chest Pain in Emergency Department Patients: Nursing-Initiated Advanced Interventions Josh Greene, Colin Dilts Julia Christensen San Francisco State University N312 Research and Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing - GWAR For: Therese Doan, RN, PhD April 7, 2017 Non-injury acute and potentially ischemic chest pain is among the more common reasons that adults present to the emergency department, accounting for over 8 million visits every yearRead MoreHeart And Blood Vessel Assessment644 Words   |  3 PagesHeart: History of Present Illness- Chief Complaint- Fatigue Denies chest pain Fatigue is persistent, but not strong enough to interfere with capabilities Denies associated symptoms Denies medication Denies cough Denies difficulty breathing Denies loss of consciousness Symptom Analysis- Where- Symptoms systematic States â€Å"I always seem to be tired.† When- Symptoms began three months ago Symptoms onset was gradual Last entire duration of the day What- Rated pain 0 out of 10 Sleep more than usual Symptoms

Persuasive Essay Holocaust Heroism - 918 Words

Persuasive Essay: Holocaust Heroism As millions of people know, the Holocaust was a time of struggle and difficulty and through the struggle and difficulty there were heroes. Heroes, that many do not acknowledge and some may find nothing but a person living in this disaster. In three specific sources, there were strong people fighting an arduous battle, and not just a person living in the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel in the book Night showed an incredible journey through this time that definitely showed heroism, Anne Frank from the play The Diary of Anne Frank, showed the world of nothing but an optimistic view point, and Mr. Frank also from the play The Diary of Anne Frank presented that he was a selfless and lionhearted person. These three†¦show more content†¦As for Anne Frank, a young girl recognized everyday for her hopeful view on life as well as the Holocaust itself, profoundly conveyed heroism. In the play, The Dairy of Anne Frank, Anne continued to reveal her spunky, bu t buoyant attitude through several different occurrences. Anne allowed a positive vibe while hiding away specifically when surprising everyone with gifts on Hanukkah. When Mrs. Frank tells Margot that having everyone there and alive is present enough Anne states, â€Å"No it isn’t. I’ve got something . . .† â€Å"†¦Presents!†(Act II, Scene 5, Lines 2430-2441). This shows that even through these gory events, she still has a way to find the good. Anne’s positive and heartfelt attitude also shows when she had said, â€Å"†¦I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are really good at heart† (Act II, Scene 4, Lines 1758-1760). Anne leaves such an amazing outlook on the world that many people cannot do. Some may believe Anne’s rambunctious and obstinate attitude while hiding away really takes away from her being a heroic figure, but being at such a young age and seeing only the good in humanity definitely deserves an ap plause. Although Anne’s adolescence is seen quite a bit, there is also an insane amount of maturity within her as well. Mr. Frank, a survivor as well as an amazing individual, brought an astounding amount of faith, belief, and hope. In the play, The Diary of Anne Frank, Mr. Frank was alwaysShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, usingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesThey are experts who know things other people do not and are just doing what has to be done. Thus, managerial prerogative – management’s right to manage together with the power and social standing that accompanies it – is morally supported by a persuasive claim to an expertise grounded in superior scientific knowledge. In turn, this knowledge depends upon the philosophical assumption (Figure 1.7) that such neutral access to reality is actually possible in the first place. So, as we noted earlier

My Subjugated Dream Essay Example For Students

My Subjugated Dream Essay A bird can appear to be a man-eating dragon soaring through the sky. An old woman passing by could be a zombie roused by the scent of my blood, yearning for a bite of my warm flesh. My imagination is more captivating than my reality. My dreams could be a portal into a blissful Utopia, or they could be an everlasting torture chamber for my helpless soul. One night in particular, my dream was subjugated by the sinister side of my imagination. My nightly routine consists mostly of reading some type of science fiction novel or watching a horror film. I had just settled down to watch the horror film Insidious for the night, after reading part of my favorite novel Blood Song. I have watched Insidious previously, so I knew I wasnt going to stay awake. Regardless of my prediction, I continued to watch my movie with heavy, lidded eyes. The urgent rhythmic thumping of my heart had felt like a hammer working at my chest, every beat making it harder to breathe. I tried adjusting my eyes to the darkness but as I reached up instinctively to rub my eyes, I felt bloody sockets where my eyes had been. Weakened by pain, I attempted using my other senses for survival. I heard whispers too distant to understand, I tasted warm metallic blood in my mouth where my tongue had found only a few remaining teeth. Feebly, I attempted to drag my body across the rough cement floor, realizing that most of my fingers had been cut off and my thumbs were only attached by some skin. Awww, where is my dear little doll going?   said a raspy hollow voice in a sing-song tone. The voice had seemed to echo from a distance, but the sudden talon that pierced my ankle suggested otherwise. He had dragged me toward him; then I heard his claws as he crawled on the floor, getting closer with each step. He was humming a song out of tune, and stopped when I felt his burning rough skin graze my arm. I felt his face inches from mine and could only hear his ragged breath, which smelled of rotting meat. Even though I couldnt see, I felt his malicious smile upon me. He then proceeded to lick my left eye socket, as his talons clawed and penetrated into the sides of my head to keep me still. His serrated teeth bit into my cheek, tearing my flesh in a single bite. I tried to scream, but only managed a blood-filled whimper. The torturing pain and gnawing continued as I heard him chew my face and moan with satisfaction. Hours had passed as he completed ripping the remaining skin off my face. I couldnt take any more of the unbearable, never-ending pain. A sudden surge pierced through my body and I had enough strength to push him off. Suddenly, I found myself kicking and punching the air around me. My eyes sprung open, and I found myself in the comfort of my room. My rapid heart rate subsided as I realized that I was no longer in danger. I clambered off of my bed, shut the movie off, and wiped the sweat off of my brow. I lay in my bed concluding that I was never going to fall asleep during a horror film again.

Quit Smoking free essay sample

H phoned at the start of June 2012, requesting for help telling me that he did not seek treatment following our previous contact but used Niquitin patches bought from the local superstore combined with gums which he stopped due to adverse reactions having to see his G. P, who prescribed medications helping nicotine withdrawal symptoms and reducing tobacco cravings. He sounded more determined as he had left his job following complaints from staff, parents and children on the ward and his girl friend ending their relationship due to smoking related issues. I explained to H that to succeed, the onus is very much with him in that he should be firm and resolute in his intentions as well as being well motivated. . As I needed to write another case study, I offered to see him on 08/06/2012 at 15. 00hrs for an Initial Consultation-(Appendix 1), and one hypnosis session to help him quit smoking with his signed consents in place before treatment started. We will write a custom essay sample on Quit Smoking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was eager to quit smoking with a motivational rating of 9/10. He attended for his appointment looking slightly anxious but ready for treatment to start. Welcoming him in, and on making sure he was comfortable in one of the 3 chairs directly opposite to mine he signed both consents(Appendix 2,3) after which I explained the Ground rules for Health and Safety reasons, the Confidential nature of the treatment, Respect of his Individuality, Preservation of Privacy and Dignity, Equal Opportunity and the Rights to stop treatment at anytime should he wish do so. I handed over one questionnaire of the I. C to him keeping another to   understanding of the questions. He was confident and honest with his answers making it easy for me to plan a wholly individual screed. Conclusion Smoking is so hard for some people to give up with the mind fighting desperately fearing loss of friends and status. . Hypnosis is not a miracle cure for smoking with each individual responding differently bringing about change deep in the subconscious mind because, often, the urge to smoke is felt at a deeper level – deeper than the conscious mind is aware of. Therefore the first part of therapy in this case study was aimed at correcting H’s habit- to Quit Smoking, and allowing him time to express himself post hypnosis after throwing away his cigarettes. Hypnosis works in breaking unhealthy associations which are reinforced by Healthier ones. I cannot predict H’s response after treatment but with his Positively charge energy, I did feel that he may be successful. Changing unhealthy to healthy behaviours take time but as a hypnotist for as long as we do our work honestly this is what matters. Psychology studies show if an existing behaviour is associated with a new physical behaviour, the old behaviour rapidly fades away, and the desire to do that behaviour fades away as well.

Technology Review Essays

Technology Review Essays Technology Review Essay Technology Review Essay Teaches kids about their health, and teaches them about their body. ? Technology Review Technology has become an essential part of our school systems. Schools are now launching websites aimed at enhancing school educational activities, supporting student-teacher communication, contributing to school marketing efforts, and parent-teacher communication. Technology it makes it easier to keep parents informed of student activities and classroom assignments. I did some research and came across five different educational websites such as FunBrain. com, Kids Knowit. com, Brain Pop. com, ed. gov, and Kidshealth. com.I found these websites to be very important because they are based around K-6 students. These websites are very beneficial throughout the years for the students as they progress through their K-6 school. The Fun brain website offers educational games for kids of all age groups. The website can help a child if they are struggling with a certain subject like math, grammar, science, spelling, and history (Fun Brain, 2013). It is an educational website that is more interesting to students and grabs their attention. This website makes students want to learn more about a subject, and keeps them entertained at the same time.The game lessons are free for the children to utilize, and the child can also use the website at home. The next important educational website is Kids know it that teaches children more about history, and teach them about who they are today. Kids know it website is to provide the highest quality educational activities, products, movies, music, and so many other programs (Kids Know It, 2013). Children are given the opportunity to learn lessons from Prehistoric Humans to the French Revolution. They can also play educational games like invasion history, hopping through history, and brick buster history game (Kids Know it, 2013).This website is also beneficial because if they are struggling in other subjects there are educational activities to lend a hand. Another website that is beneficial for student’s education is Brain pop. com. This website can help with subjects in Science, Social Studies, English, math, Engineering Tech, Health, and Arts Music (Brain Pop, 2013). The science part of the website offers lessons about diversity in life, energy, and matter chemistry. These websites offers lessons and a review quiz afterwards. I find this website to be very valuable in these subjects. The next website is ed. ov, and it offers research to parents about how the schools work. This website is run by the U. S. Department of Education and it gives information about funding, policies, and any news that is happening in the education system (U. S. Department of Education, 2013). It is a very important website to teach parents and teachers about education, and any changes that are happening. I find this website to profit the parents more than the students. The final website is Kidshealth. org, and it provides information to s tudents about their health. This website teaches kids about their bodies, puberty, cooking recipes, health problems, and illness.It gives children a chance to watch movies, take quizzes, read articles, word puzzles, and many more activities. This is a very important educational website that can teach students about their body, and if they have questions that they do not feel comfortable asking their parents this website can help. I find this website to help when children are going through puberty. All of these websites are beneficial to students in K-6 grades. It teaches them about many different things about their body, and they can also help them if they are struggling in subjects.I am going to try and use as many different websites to help with my classroom, and teach my students that learning can be fun. I think kids today forget that they can still learn and have fun. As a teacher it is our job to educate and teach the students about the things they will need in their everyday life. In conclusion, it is going to be my goal to incorporate technology into my teaching. I feel that as technology is becoming more important in our everyday life that we need to incorporate it into are teaching so that students are better prepared for the future.I hope that these websites can help if a student is struggling in a certain area. Hopefully schools continue forward on trying to keep up with the technology world. ? References Brain Pop. (2013). Retrieved on February 21, 2013 from brainpop. com// Fun Brain. (2013). Retrieved on February 21, 2013 from funbrain. com// Kids Health. (2013). Retrieved on February 21, 2013 from http://kidshealth. org/kid/htbw// Kids Know It. (2013). Retrieved on February 21, 2013 from kidsknowit. com// U. S. Department of Education. (2013). Retrieved on February 21, 2013 from ed. gov//

CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT - HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT - HR - Essay Example Communication problems arising owing to cultural diversity can damage the team relationships in a business organization. In the case study under consideration, the French company Lemma is facing such problems owing to the differences between its organizational culture and the cultural makeup of the Anglo-Saxon companies it has acquired. There exist distinct differences between the French and Anglo-Saxon cultural values. The organizational culture at Lemma had its basis in the French cultural and social values, which made it difficult for the company to face the global integration – local adaptation dilemma. As per the Hofstede cultural dimensions, France has a high Power Difference Index. This means that the French managers tend to be autocratic in their approach towards administration and business. They prefer a hierarchical form of organization, where the senior administrators and managers do retain a certain distance from their subordinates. The French tend to prefer a cent ralized form of administration and expect their subordinates to obediently endorse the decisions taken by them. French are collectivist in their business and social interactions. The teams tend to be closely integrated in their approach and composition and there exist strong bonds between the colleagues in an organization that are to a great extent determined by status and hierarchy. The managers tend to support and protect their subordinates in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The companies operate like a large family that is usually hierarchical in its constitution. The French culture is an essentially feminine culture. Personal relationships and bonds stand above anything else. Team members prefer to be modest and caring in their approach and preference is given to arriving at mutually acceptable decisions through consensus, rather than through direct confrontation. France has a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index, meaning that the French managers have a high intolerance for unce rtainty and ambiguity and are uncomfortable with contrary opinions and ideas. Hall facilitates another set of cultural dimensions, which offer more insight into the French cultural values. According to Hall, the French culture is a High Context Culture. Much is taken for granted and people believe in instinctive and contextual understanding rather than resorting to detailed explanation. There exists a strong distinction between in-group and out-group. The bonds between team members are very strong and interpersonal relationships play a crucial role in career development. There is high preference for long term relationships and people are very flexible with time. These premises are supported by the theory of Dutch scholar Trompenaars, as per whom the French culture is affiliated to particularism with highly collectivist tendencies. The French tend to be specific in their approach to relationships, depending too much on custom and protocol. It is an ascription culture, where status is governed more by traditional norms and less by individual achievement. In that context, the term ‘Anglo-Saxon’ primarily refers to the cultural values and norms of the Lemma’s non-French employees, who are primarily North Americans. The cultural values of these employees are in sharp contrast to Lemma’s specifically French values. The ‘Anglo-Saxon’ cultural values lean in the favour of a low Power Distance Index in the sense that Lemma’s Anglo-Saxon employees and managers are not accepting

Turbo Charger Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Turbo Charger Company - Essay Example The four P’s of Marketing: Product: The products that the companies offer are often the heart of any companies marketing strategy. Since the banks are a part of the service industry therefore many a times the results or the benefits of the product are not that conspicuous to the customer. The marketing strategy will fail badly if the product part is not good, no matter how strong the other 3 P’s of marketing are. HSBC offers many products and services but the one thing that makes it stand out from the other banks is its current account feature. This will be used in this assignment to highlight HSBC’s marketing mix. According to HSBC (2012) sources the current account has many features one of them which is the prepaid cards. There are two types of these cards: the financial manager and the budget manager. The financial manager is targeted towards customers who are financially stronger while the budget manager is for customers with relatively lower incomes who find trouble in maintaining a regular credit card like students. Apart from this the current account also has the feature of online banking which makes it possible to make transactions on the move. It also has the option of real time balance alerts. It has an additional option of savings for customers who deposit more than a specified amount monthly into the account. Price: The price is important for the bank it has a dual function. The first is that the price must be good enough that it attracts the customers and the second is that this price must be good enough to generate the required revenue for the bank. A number of factors influence the pricing decision some of which are the maximization of profit, increase in the market share, corporate social responsibility and survival in the market. The trend in the pricing of current accounts has not changed much for quite some time now. There is usually no set up fees and the benefit is sought from the cash that is deposited in the banks. In crease in the interest rate would not help much in increasing the number of existing customers. The credit cards give an incentive to the customer to save more. The saved money is within the customer’s account which the bank can always lend further. This strategy is especially useful in situations when it is hard to raise new capital. Place: Place in terms of the marketing mix means that the product is available to the customer through a proper channel which include delivery as well. Delivery does not only mean the physicality but also the availability of the service through electronic means. Even if the product is of very high quality and very highly rated, the readiness of the availability will highly affect the customers’ opinion whether the product is a failure or a success. The current account scheme is available at the majority of HSBC centers. Promotion: Promotion heavily depends upon the methods of communication used to create awareness among the customers and potential customers regarding a particular product or service. The major objectives of promotion are to get customer attention, give them the relevant information and encourage the customer to buy the product. According to Adrian Palmer (2008) Advertisement on the other hand first of all mean that it entails costs and is paid, it cultivates the attitude of the customer into believing something which in return forces the customer to some extent to buy the product or the service. There

Can Technology Dehumanize Our Society Essay Example for Free

Can Technology Dehumanize Our Society Essay Technology can dehumanize our society including our school/s. Its because in the advancement and modernization of things which to be manipulated by the people(gadgets etc. ), life has to be somehow be convenient and easier but we should also look on the side that technology can remove skills and qualities of people in dealing with things around them and they wont find any alternatives or options if technology is always present. For instance, in school/s, particularly in a classroom setting, if all of the students have their own personal computers, they will rely and be much independent through visiting websites that could provide answers on their research given by their teacher, the negative result of this is that, yes, they surely easily access information by just clicking one at a time but the traditional way of finding and acquiring information from books(more accurate information than those of the websites) or any reading materials that could somehow develop their reading skills is already gone. Indolence and laziness may occur also. The negative result of technology is that people will just have to sit all day long and will have to be dependent on technology. As ive heard also, some people are just infront of their laptops having thisonline schooling and if you could accomplish the length of time needed, youll be having/ given a diploma . For me, of course it isnt bad but the essence of formal schooling(attending school. being evaluated and monitored by a mentor is already gone). Despite of all the advancement of technology, we became a society of indolent people relying so much on it.

Philosophy-Who needs it :: essays research papers

1. Is there anything you would willingly die for?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to answer the question â€Å"is there anything I would willingly die for† I would want some reassurance that what I was dying for would be successful. But without some type of guarantee it would be hard to know for sure if I would be able to complete my promise. Of course I would like to be able to say that I would die for any of my beliefs but I have to admit that if I was forced to choose dying for my religion or declaring another I would superficially accept the other religion to save my life. I would hope however that I could continue to practice my religion in secret without loosing my life. I would be willing to die for the ones I love mainly my family but in the same aspect I would want to know that my death was not in vain. When the question was posed to the class most students responded with an answer similar to my own. Many of the students stated that they would be willing to die for their family and the people they loved but when it came down to a death that did not ensure the outcome they desired many people seemed to loose their conviction. Many people did believe that they could donate a vital organ or give their life to save a loved one. As in my own mind it would be more difficult to say that you could give your life on the off chance of success. I do believe that it is much easier to say that one could die for something or someone but in truth when at the final moment of decision it would be hard to knowingly give your life. Socrates was able to give his life for his beliefs and â€Å"went willingly to his death†. The Greeks would often choose death over shame of their fellow countrymen and for centuries death (in certain circumstances) was seen as noble and brave. It all seems to come down to the fact that there is no clear-cut way to define what one would die for but that it is more a matter of questioning what it is you are dying for and how your life will change the lives of others. 4. Do you believe in God?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe in my God.

Tale of Two Coaches

Running Head: Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Randal J. Reutzel Grand Canyon University: LDR – 600 October 27, 2011 Abstract Coaching and leadership seem to be synonymous with each other, in that if you’re a high caliber coach you must be a great leader, how else would you have achieved your success. While coaching in the NCAA division 1 basketball the goal is to win national championships, while also being a mentor to your students. Bobby Knight is a great basketball legend at Indiana, with a past of outrageous unacceptable behavior to the fans and to players, while also having one of the best collegiate records of all time. Coach Krzyzewski was also a great coach, was mentored by coach Knight and went on to be a legend at Duke. Coach K’s style of coaching was less dramatic and more heartfelt in his approach. Coach K’s was concerned for his player’s feelings and his style of motivating his players centered on less dramatizations on and off the court. Both Coaches were successful; one got into the heads of its players through coercive intimidation to be the best, the other through caring, talking and high levels of trust. Which coach is best depends on whom you ask and what perspective of coaching leadership style you prefer, or it could be a generational time difference or simply opposite styles that worked and produced results. Tale of Two Coaches and Leadership Leaders through time have on many occasions aligned their leadership styles to the great coaches either in the NFL or NBA. Does being a great coach and the techniques used by coaches translate into what leaders or managers should be leading employees by? Two great coaches with NCAA basketball championships, one mentored by the other, can have very different approaches and still get the results needed, winning seasons along with students who went on to great careers and have great respect for their mentors and coaches. Coach Bobby Knight led his teams through his relationship from a base of power. In the article from ESPN by Mike Puma, Knight was known for his tirades against players, referees and reporters as well as his brilliance to win games. Knight led his teams with complete control and nobody was second guessing his decisions, if they did it was with great conflict. He may have wanted to resolve the conflict but it was going to be on his terms. Knight led his teams with complete control from his position as the head of the team. He demanded certain expectations and rewarded this with play time or with sharp reprimands and punishment. His style was that of a managerial role, he demanded respect in that he held the position of power and he alone would be the master of activities and routines and this would influence players and the ultimate outcome. Northouse, 2010) Coach Knight led his teams with a history of demanding on others what he could not accomplish as a player. He developed a pattern of coercion that was demonstrated even off the court, by assaulting police during the Pan Am games or throwing chairs across courts. (Northouse, 2010) Coach Krzyzewski or â€Å"K† led his teams through his relations from a b ase of personal power, with no mistake he was the head coach. Coach K was mentored as a player and assistant coach for the military under Coach Bob Knight. Although Coach K went into the military, he was not of military mind, and this may have latter influenced his leadership traits. He dreamed of being a teacher not a military officer. (Bob Carter) What he learned from Knight was it took an unbelievable passion to be a leader, not Knights antics that put him into trouble more often than not. Coach K lead his teams and to championships through his role as a leader by inspiring and energizing the team, taking ownership in their actions. Grant Hill said coach K had a way of making people totally vested in the decision-making process, and that is what made him a great leader. Bob Carter) Traits of Coaching and Leadership Both coaches had specific traits that lead them to success, although one coach’s traits also lead to his demise while the other coach realized the passion needed and channeled his leadership spirit into more socially acceptable patterns. Coach Knight and Coach K were both intelligent and knew the intellectual struct ure of creating and leading great basketball teams. They demonstrated the ability to get talent and use that talent in different ways against different teams to win games and championships. Early in both coaches careers they knew what they wanted and what careers they wanted to pursue. To get to their end means of coaching they played the sport, learned from others and when through college level training. All of the training, and along the way making mistakes, they gained the confidence within themselves and gained self-esteem and self-assurance that they could make a difference. Coach Knight was given the opportunity through the army as a coach to demonstrate his style of leadership was the correct one. Coach K through the army was given the education, with his passion of basketball and mentoring from Coach Knight gained the self confidence to become what he wanted to be, a teacher and a coach. Determination for both coaches was that they wanted to be winners, leaders, and be a part of something great. Early in Coach Knight’s career even he stated that he only offered indentured servitude and unlimited practice. Early in Coach K’s career he was not an outstanding coach; others did believe in him and he gained self confidence with good players at Duke. Coach K again is quoted he learned from Knight the passion and amount of preparation it takes to be successful. (Bob Carter) Integrity is the ability of a leader to live and lead with some principles and take responsibility for their actions. The ability to possess integrity should build confidence in your team. Integrity is probably where the two coaches will separate their styles of leadership. Coach Knight through the years did several things to damage that integrity, through his actions in Panama or ways he degraded assistant coaches or lecturing teams with the use of props of soiled toilet paper. There were many times where his actions did not represent the role which he was given and he made little effort to change unless he was forced. Coach K built much of what he was on his integrity; he stuck up for his players many times. Once his team was graded by the student paper, it was the fact that the paper portrayed the players as instruments of entertainment and ego indulgence; this infuriated the coach, which he later apologized. What Coach K stood for was a caring, communication and trust within the team, and that was what he wanted for the whole student body, and why his fan base was so strong. The last important trait style of leadership is the ability for a leader to seek out good pleasant social relationships. The leader should be thought of as friendly, outgoing, courteous, tactful and diplomatic. Coach Knight, I believe, started out his career with these traits as he had to, through time, over confidence and ego caused him to lose most of these traits. People would say if you only know him like I do, but it was reported that he was known to be rude, defiant and hostile. (Bob Carter) Coach K on the other hand was exponentially known for his trait as having social leadership skills. He said you have to feel what your players feel in order to be a leader. A former player and now a coach Quin Snyder said that you give up ego to be a part of something special. (Bob Carter) Ego can and will get in the way of great social ability to lead a team and be a part of a team. Coach K has been and will be remember for his greatness, he possessed the most complete set of the 5 trait characteristics of a leader and it made him more accomplished and respected. Coach Knight lacked in the traits and his ego, temper, integrity came back to haunt him. He may be remembered more for his antics on and off the court than his record wins or development of players. The Three Skills of Coaching Success The three skills that are needed for success as a leader according to our reading from Robert Katz and Michael D. Mumford are Technical, Human and Conceptual. Through the levels of management different emphasis is required from each to be a great leader. In the situation of the coaches, they needed to possess top management skills where human and conceptual skills place more important than the technical aspects of the game of basketball. In the readings, both coaches knew the technical aspects of the game and surrounded themselves with knowledgeable assistances. Coach K’s emphasis was the human and conceptual aspects of his team and his responsibility to the school and its students. His kids needed to feel a part of something great and bigger than themselves and togetherness, this was demonstrated when coach K handed team phone numbers out and encouraged freshman to use them. (Mike Puma) Coach Knight demonstrated skills for the technical and conceptual skills; he had an ability to always figure out the best approach to win games against many different teams. Coach Knight is on record for being the youngest coach ever to win 600 games. He struggled with the ability to work with people that did not match his style or demands of doing exactly everything his way. He continually abused players and assistant coaches, while also getting in trouble in foreign countries. Leadership Grid Comparison The leadership grid from chapter 4, developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, is basically a grid of different leadership styles with the two axis x – horizontal measure is based for results and y- vertical is based on concern for people. I believe from the reading that coach K and Knight developed strong leadership styles based on one premise for winning, or results. What they did was go about teaching and leading the teams differently to attain those results. Coach K moved his leadership style around as he needed to according to the needs of players or the team. Based on his style he concentrated his style in the middle of the road, trying to balance the need to get work done and the team needs, but he strongly styled his effort in the direction of team management by surrounding his team with committed members and built relationships of trust and respect. Coach Knight directed his leadership style more as an authority-compliance manager. He expected things to be done his way, and everyone around him to carter to his needs, whether that was good for personal development or not. The win, and only the win, was what needed to happen and he stepped and plowed through anyone and by any controversial tirade he had to get there. He even said in an interview that if you’re being raped to lay back and enjoy it. I believe this was his way of saying to the interviewer about his tantrums – which everyone just needed to put up with him. When he goes wild he wants to not be held responsible for his actions and for everyone to shut up. (Mike Puma) Contingency Model for Coaches The question presented: were both coaches matched to their situation based on the model developed by Fred Edward Fiedler described as the contingency mode? I think the answer is both yes and no. The styles of leadership in this model are described as being a task motivated or relationship motivated leadership. From the reading both coaches were winning coaches, they both used different approaches to get the results. In this model Coach K was high on leader-member, but with strong tasks, and did this without enforcing his positional power. Coach K did well with this leadership style at Duke University. Coach Knight was more task structured, the requirements were clear and spelled out and Knight controlled everything around him. When things got out of his control, people and team mates suffered and things did not go well for the coach. This goes against the model in some aspects in that if you’re out of control the task relationship should work out better for this type of leader, but there are flaws in the model. This works well for someone with specific tasks like fixing a part or cleaning a sink. In the situation of coach Knight it was more ambiguous in the tasks that needed to be accomplished. He could not deal with ambiguity and his temper showed as he took it out on other people and team members. (Northouse, 2010) Situational Leadership II The two coaches showed evidence from both readings that they practiced some level of situational leadership. Coach K demonstrated that he stood up for his players and they knew they could trust him. When he gave the ball to Laettner to stuff a basket in the final seconds to win a championship he knew he had the skills and would get the job done. He wanted to win for the team not for himself and even said once, did you see their faces and how happy they are. (Bob Carter) Coach K led his team by the skills that the team had; he did not change them, he developed them. Coach Knight, I believe, also led teams by development and using skills in the appropriate areas. He did it in a fashion of sheer work and drive to hone the skill in each person to exactly the perfection he wanted. When he did not get it or thought they were not giving enough, there were consequences for all around. Coach Knight was low on the supportive and directive behavior quadrant; I do not think he felt comfortable or confident to manage from that perspective. (Northouse, 2010) He excelled from the more comfortable leadership position S2 with only fringes of S1 or S3, unless they were extremely successful. Path-Goal Theory The path-goal theory of leadership is by understanding and leading people through enhancing performance and satisfaction and then focusing on what motivates them. For both coaches and for the entire player, the goal was to win games and that is what everyone wants. Both coaches had to go out and get potential players and those player and coaches began a dialogue on what both wanted and how they were going to achieve it. I believe that players that were coached by Knight knew his style and methods that he used to win games. Even today people say you don’t know him like we do, meaning his methods to them were acceptable. Likewise, Coach K went out to get players and they knew what he was like and his methods. The players chose to go with the perspective school and accepted them based on learned knowledge. Both coaches led their players in a fashion that was in an achievement-oriented style to reach their highest potential for the best outcome – winning games. The players with the desire of external locus of control probably liked Coach K style of leadership. The external locus of control the subordinate likes to feel more in control of their destiny and maybe take part in the decisions; this would be a part of something special with players and Coach K. Coach Knight was a dominate leader and coach, in control of everything – external locus of control players would believe more outside forces are in control. Directive leadership would be best for these types of players as they like the idea of someone taking control. Both teams coached by either Knight or Krzyzewski demonstrated the task characteristics as both coaches and players needed to be able to perform on the floor during a game with independence as things happen fast. Both coaches needed their teams to function on their own with a high degree of confidence. They would use the skills taught to them to win the game. References Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications Bob Carter, Krzyzewskiville, ESPN Classic. From: http://www. espn. go. com/classic/biography/s/Krzyzewski_Mike. html Mike Puma, Knight Known for titles, temper, ESPN Classic. From: http://espn. go. com/classic/biography/s/Knight_Bob. html

Report For Reinaldo Products New Investment Under Consideration Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2015 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 1) Should Reinaldo focus on cash flows or accounting profits in making our capital-budgeting decisions? Should we be interested in incremental cash flows, incremental profits, total free cash flows, or total profits? When undertaking a new project an organisation usually uses Capital Budgeting Techniques which gives a better understanding of the outcome of the project to the management by taking management decisions accordingly. Let us first understand what Capital Budgeting is: Capital Budgeting can be understood as a process or technique by which a financial manager or analyst can understand which amongst the different projects will earn the highest yield during the life of the project. It is a process which helps the management to determine if a project (e.g. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Report For Reinaldo Products New Investment Under Consideration Finance Essay" essay for you Create order buying new machinery or plant, replacement of machinery or investing in research and development) is worth investing. Companies always have ideas for many projects hence Capital Budgeting helps them select the best project with highest returns. While making capital budgeting decisions Reinaldo has to focus on cash flows however accounting profits also can be focused. However more weightage has to be given to cash flow. The movement of money in and out of a business is known as Cash Flow. The financial health of an organisation is measured by cash flow. Cash flow helps to determine the liquidity of an organisation, even though the firm is profitable it need not be liquid enough and can result in its failure due to shortage of cash. Preferably managers should make capital budgeting decisions based on Incremental Cash Flows and by discounting them to find out their present time value of money. Positive incremental cash flow states that there will be an increase in the cash if the pro ject is undertaken. Accounting Profits is another area of focus as it shows the total earnings of the project to be undertaken. Any project whose profits will be below the organisations required rate of return cannot be undertaken, therefore adequate focus has to be made on the forecast of the projects impact on its financial statements and the earnings it will provide to its stakeholders. As the project is supposed to be terminated after 5 years, we will have to take decisions based on Incremental profits. The profits will increase as long as the incremental profit is more than the incremental costs. 2) How does depreciation affect free cash flows? Depreciation is a non cash expense used in accounting which reduces the value of a tangible asset due to the assets wear and tear. Depreciation being a non cash expense reduces the total net earnings of an organisation hence resulting in the reduction of the total tax payable by the firm. While preparing free cash flows depreciation is first deducted from the earnings and then tax amount is calculated (i.e. the total tax amount payable by the organisation reduces), depreciation being a non cash expense is then added back again to the free cash flow statement. This means that depreciation does not directly affect free cash flow but has an indirect affect on the same as it reduces the cash outflow of tax payable. Table 2.1 showing the effect of depreciation on Free Cash Flow Earnings before Depreciation, Interest and Tax (EBDIT) ( ) Depreciation = Earnings before Interest and Tax ( ) Tax ( + ) Depreciation = Operating Cash Flow ( ) Incremental Working Capital ( ) Capital Investment = Free Cash Flow 3) How do sunk costs affect the determination of cash flows? The money which has already been spent but cannot be recovered is termed as Sunk Costs and is also known as Stranded Costs. These costs are incurred before an activity hence it is an outflow in the cash flow statement. A huge sunk cost can make an investment irreversible. A high sunk costs effect on the cash flow is significantly larger than those with low sunk costs. It is not possible to undo the a cash flow outflow which has incurred sunk cost, hence only the costs incurred in the future will be relevant as these cash disbursements can be controlled. 4) The Projects Initial Outlay Initial outlay is the initial net investment required for starting up a new business or a new project. The net cost which a will be incurred by the organisation for the start up of a new business or a new project is called as the projects initial outlay. The initial outlay of a project not only includes land building, plant and machinery but also includes the initial working capital required at the commencement of the project. For Reinaldo its projects initial outlay will include: Cost of Plant and Equipment. Shipping and Installation Costs. Initial Working Capital required. The above table shows that the Reinaldos total project initial outlay is $8,100,000 /- 5) The Differential Cash Flows over the project life Differential Cash flow is the Free Cash Flow of a project after taking into account the changes in its revenue, operating expenses, taxes, depreciation and incremental working capital excluding terminal cash flow. The Differential cash flows of Reinaldos project over its life of 5 years can be seen in the below tables. 6) The Terminal Cash Flow During the termination of a business or a project the net sale proceed of the firms assets, taxes related to capital gain and the release of its initial outlay towards the working capital is known as Terminal Cash Flow. At Reinaldo Products there is no salvage value of its plant and equipment hence only the realisation of its working capital will be its terminal cash flow. Therefore the Terminal Cash flow of Reinaldo Products = $ 1,560,000/- Table 6.1 below shows the calculation of its Working Capital as for Reinaldo only its liquidated Working Capital will be its Terminal Cash Flow. 7) The Cash Flow Diagram for this Project Cash Flow is one of the financial statements which shows the relationship between the net income and changes in cash balances, it reports the cash receipts and the cash payments for a particular period. A Cash Flow Statement is prepared under the following headings: Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash Flow from Financing Activities Cash FLowfrom Investing Activities Cash Flow Diagram is a graphical representation showing the closing balances of the firms cash flow statements which is the net inflow or the net outflow of cash. 8) The Net Present Value. Net Present Value or NPV is the valuation of a projects present value of cash inflows with the difference of its present value of cash outflows. It is done by discounting the cash flow balances of the future periods to its present value and by deducting the initial investment. This is done by taking into consideration inflation and returns into account as the worth of a dollar at present will be much higher than the worth of it in the future. NPV plays a very important role in the capital-budgeting process for an investment or project to be undertaken as it recognises the Time Value of Money for the investment and its required rate of return. The decision rules of NPV are as below: When NPV 0 The project can be Accepted (Return is greater than the required Rate) When NPV = 0 The project is Acceptable (Return equal to Required Rate) When NPV 0 The project is Rejected (Return is less than the required Rate) The Calculation of NPV can be done as per the below fo rmula: Net Present Value (NPV) As per the given project at Reinaldo and taking its forecasted cash flows for the 5 years of the project life with the Required Rate of Return being 15% the NPV for the project under consideration for Reinaldo Products is $ 16,744,053 /- NPV can also be calculated using an Excel spreadsheet as solved in Table 8.1. The Internal Rate of Return Internal Rate of Return or IRR is the rate of return or the discounted rate which makes the present value of the cash flows equal to its initial outlay. In other words IRR is when the discount rate used in Capital Budgeting forces the Net Present Value (NPV) of all its cash flows for a proposed project to be equal to zero (NPV= 0). IRR is also known as Economic Rate of Return (ERR) IRR is most frequently used in Capital Budgeting to determine if the project is worthy enough to be undertaken. The decision rule if IRR is as below: If IRR = required rate of return The project is Accepted. If IRR required rate of return The project is Rejected. IRR can be calculated by using the below formula mbox{NPV} = sum_{n=0}^{N} frac{C_n}{(1+r)^{n}} = 0 As per the given project at Reinaldo and taking its forecasted cash flows for the 5 years of the project life its IRR can be calculated as below: Where, r = internal rate of return, when NPV is zero Putting r = 75 % N PV = 218 When r = 80% NPV = (-) 305 When r = 77.02 % NPV = 0 (approximately) Therefore Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 77.02 % 10) Acceptance of Project? Why or Why not? After the preparation of all the forecasted future cash flows and keeping in mind the internal rate of return(as done above), to come to a final decision whether an investment should be undertaken or not the decision needs to be based on the below mentioned Capital Budgeting Techniques: Net Present Value (NPV) Profitability Index (PI) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) a) Net Present Value (NPV) The NPV of the given project is $ 16,744,053 which is greater than 0 b) Profitability Index (PI) The PI of the project is 2.067 c) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The IRR of the project is 77.02 % The above project will be ACCEPTED as it is meeting all the rules of NPV, PI and IRR. NPV is $ 16,744,053 which is greater than 0 PI is 2.067 is also greater than 0 IRR is 77.02 % and is again meeting the rule for accepting the project. IRR being 77.02 % making the NPV of the cash flows to be equal to 0. The Return of the project is much higher than the Required Rate o f Return of Reinaldo Products. 11) Other two Investments with one-year lives. a) Calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) NPV = (Investment) + Cash Flow* PVIF(r, n) NPV for Project A = (195,000) + 240,000 * PVIF (10%, 1) = (195,000) + 240,000 * 0.9091 = (195,000) + 218,184 =$ 23,184 NPV for Project B = (1,200.000) + 1,650,000 * PVIF (10 %, 1) = (1,200,000) + 1,650,000 * 0.9091 = (1,200,000) + 1,500,015 = $ 300,015 Hence the NPV: Project A $23,184 Project B $ 300,015 c) Calculation of Internal Rate of Return IRR is when: mbox{NPV} = sum_{n=0}^{N} frac{C_n}{(1+r)^{n}} = 0 IRR for project A Where, r = internal rate of return, when NPV is zero Putting r = 20 %, NPV = 5000 When r = 25 %, NPV = (-) 3000 When r = 23.07 %, NPV = 0 (approx) IRR for Project B Where, r = internal rate of return, when NPV is zero Putting r = 35 %, NPV = 22,222.22 When r = 40 %, NPV = (-) 21,428.5 When r = 37.5 %, NPV = 0 Hence the IRR: Project A 23.07 Project B 37.5 d) If there is no capital rationing constraints, which project should be selected? If there is a capital rationing constraint, how should the decision be made? Capital Rationing is when a company limits or restricts the amount to be invested in its new project. Capital Rationing is imposed by the companies by either imposing a higher cost of capital or by setting a ceiling on specific sections. The reason behind imposing capital rationing can be because a certain company might have generated lower returns than their expected required rate in their past investments. If Reinaldo faces no capital- rationing then it should choose Project B as its NPV is very high at $ 300,015 also its PI and IRR are positive with 0.25 and 37.5 respectively. However if the company has excess of reserves and has an option of not having to choose only one project between the two, then it can even invest in both the projects as both the projects will provide returns higher than their required rate of return. If there is capital rationing constraint then it is better to invest in Project A as it provides good returns with lower investment. The capital in vestment of project A is $195,000 which is $1,005,000 less than that of project B. Also with lesser investment project As NPV, PI and IRR is 23,148, 0.12 and 23.07% respectively which means that the rate of return is much higher than the companys required rate of 10 %.